Types of Electric Vehicles 2023

Types of Electric Vehicles

Due to technical developments of the 21st century, Electric Vehicles have seen increased sales, owing to the companies and government subsidies on such vehicles, massive adoption has been achieved in the United States and Europe.

As of now, over 45 series production vehicles with highway capabilities are readily available in the market. Leaf, an early adopter of an all-electric vehicle, sold over 200,000 units worldwide.

In January 2019, the global sales record of selling 300,000 cars was achieved by Lear. Such incidences indicate that there will be more companies producing such types of electric vehicles, and even more demand.

However, the statistics don’t stop showing a positive indication of the electric vehicle industry.

Out of the global sales of over 850,000 electric vehicles worldwide, about 500,000 cars were all-electric vehicles were lightweight with the plug-in facility.

Since 2008, the United States boasts the highest purchases of electric vehicles at 335,000 units.

Countries like Norway are not too far behind. With about four electric cars for every 1000 individuals, it has the highest market penetration per capita.

In 2014, it became the first country where one in every hundred vehicles was electric. It is estimated that by 2030, about 1/3 of car sales will be electric.

No wonder, it is essential to know what type of electric vehicles are available in the market and what we can do to adapt to them quickly.

The first thing to know is that almost all types of electric vehicles (EVs) use Lithium-ion Batteries.

With increased energy density, a higher working life, Lithium-ion batteries are the most practical components for efficient electric cars.

Electric vehicles are of three main types: BEV (Battery Electric Vehicles), PHEVs (Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles), and HEVs (Hybrid Electric Vehicles).

The classification is based on the way they source their energy and how they charge. Let’s take a look at all the three types of electric vehicles (EVs) in Detail.

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) – Chemical Energy is stored in rechargeable battery packs to operate such vehicles.

Moreover, they are also known as Pure Electric Vehicles, Only Electric Vehicles, or All-Electric Vehicles.

Unlike Internal Combustion Engines, BEVs use electric motors and motor controllers for propulsion, because of which they have no internal combustion engine, fuel tank, or fuel cell.

The best part of BEVs is that they don’t release any harmful and poisonous gases that negatively affect the environment.

Moreover, an external source is used to charge these vehicles. The classification of such electric vehicles is based on the type of chargers they use.

The charging methods are classified into three levels, and the best is fast charging.

Level 1 EV chargers utilize a standard 120v outlet. It can take about 8 hours to charge and offer a range of 70-80 miles.

Most people using such vehicles charge from home or office — most cars in the market charge through level 1 chargers.

For Level 2, charging stations are used that offer 240v. Nowadays, the vehicle companies offer Level 2 at the workplace and offer public charging stations on freeways to connect vehicles to long distances.

It takes about 4 hours to fully charge such types of electric vehicles (EVs) to a 75-80 mile range.

However, the market is inclining toward fast charging, which are level 3 chargers offered by high-end companies to their customers.

One can charge a vehicle to 70-80 mile range in about 30 minutes through a fast charger.

Some examples of BEV DC level 3 Fast Charges

Tesla Model 3
BMW i3
Chevy Bolt
Chevy Spark
Nissan LEAF
Ford Focus Electric
Hyundai Ioniq
Karma Revera
Kia Soul
Mitsubishi i-MiEV
Tesla Model S
Tesla X
Toyota Rav4
Volkswagen e-Golf

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The best reasons to purchase a plug-in Hybrid electric vehicle please that the battery can be charged by both regenerative braking as well as plugging into an external source of electrical power.

It has been seen that a standard hybrid can go from 1 to 2 miles before the gasoline engine turns on the pH TV models can go up to 10 to 40 miles before the gas engine has to put an effort and provide assistance for speed and length.

What are the most significant benefits of plug-in cars compared to traditional vehicles with internal combustion engines is that the operating cost is lower and ten maintenance is also affordable.

Moreover, that produces little or no air pollution. With the help of plug-in charged components, dependency on Petroleum is highly reduced, and the Motors are much more efficient than that off ICEs.

As of December 2018, the most significant sales of plug-in electric vehicles were seen in China at 2.2 million cars moreover over 1 million electric passenger cars were sold in Europe in 2018.

Norway was the first country to have won in every ten passenger cars to be log in electric vehicles.

Several advantages to using PEVs. One of the most significant benefits is that it reduces Greenhouse gas emission coma improves air quality, reduces noise and helps in national security the center for American progress, PEVs are essential for maintaining the United States meet Paris agreement.

It also has a lower operating cost why internal combustion engines are inefficient because they have to convert onboard fuel energy to propulsion and most of the power is wasted as heat and rest are spent when the engine is idling.

It is astonishing to know that only 15% of the fuel energy is used in traditional engines and just 20% in diesel engines. In comparison to this, electrical engines can be efficient up to 80%.

All-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles also have lower maintenance costs as compared to internal combustion vehicles, since electronic systems break down much less often than the mechanical systems in conventional vehicles,

and the fewer mechanical systems onboard last longer due to the better use of the electric engine. PEVs do not require oil changes and other routine maintenance checks.

PHEV examples:

Chevy Volt
Chrysler Pacifica
Ford C-Max Energi
Ford Fusion Energi
Mercedes C350e
Mercedes S550e
Mercedes GLE550e
Mini Cooper SE Countryman
Audi A3 E-Tron
BMW 330e
BMW i8
BMW X5 xdrive40e
Fiat 500e
Hyundai Sonata
Kia Optima
Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid
Porsche Panamera S E-hybrid
Toyota Prius
Volvo XC90 T8

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Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)

A Hybrid electric vehicle can be powered with both gasoline and electricity. The car laundry system generates electrical energy and charges the battery.

The concept is known as written with you breaking renewable energy that has been converted to heat by the vehicle is used to slow the car.

The starter used in electric motor and then the gasoline motor is used only when load for increasing speed required.

An internal computer controls the two Motors, which helps in creating the best economy and fuel consumption.

Modern Hybrid electric vehicles used Technologies like regenerative braking to convert the cars kinetic energy into electrical energy and store it into batteries for supercapacitors Electrical generator IDA directly powers electric drive Motors for recharges the batteries.

Hybrid electric vehicles reduce idol auditions through the process of shutting down of engine idle and starting it when needed.

Innovative technology is known as a start-stop system. However, when the engine is not in use for the direct operating cycle, it can be used to run at maximum capacity can increase the fuel economy.

This technology has been used by Toyota Motor Company, which registered over 10 million Lexus sales by 2017.

Honda isn’t far behind with over 1.35 million car sales with Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technology. Toyota Prius sold over 4 million units as well in the United States.

HEV Examples:

Toyota Prius Hybrid
Honda Civic Hybrid
Toyota Camry Hybrid

However, this technology is not limited to cars. HEVs are used by motorcycles, automobile and light trucks, high-performance vehicles, taxis, buses, military vehicles, locomotives, marine, and other aquatic, and aircraft.

Types of Motors Used in ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Electric vehicles are these days, and advancement in technology and the increased level of concerns regarding controlling pollution has made it the probable future of mobile mobility.

The electric motor is a replacement for internal combustion engines which makes it stand apart from traditional vehicles.

There has been rapid development regarding how we can Power Electronics and how we can control them using various types of electric motors.

There are multiple types of electric motors, some of which are described below.

DC series motor – the most significant benefit of DC series motor is its high starting torque capability. Moreover, it was the most used motor for traction in the early 1900s. One of the most significant advantages is easy to speed control and the ability to handle sudden load increase. However, the topics are high maintenance due to processes and computers.

Brushless DC Motor – this is an electric motor with permanent magnets. The fact that it doesn’t have any commuters or brush arrangement. BLDC motors are used for a high power density design approach. These are the most preferred motors for the electric vehicle application due to its traction characteristics.

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor – While this motor is similar to BLDC motor with permanent magnets, the difference lies in the fact that PMSM has sinusoidal back. It is, however, the best choice for high-performance vehicles like cars and buses. While the cost is high, it has proven to be a stiff competitor of induction motors due to efficiency. Today, most of the manufacturers producing electric vehicles use PMSM motor technology. Companies using PMSM Motors include Toyota Prius, Chevrolet Bolt, Ford Focus, and Zero Motorcycles, Nissan Leaf and BMW i3.

Three Phase AC Induction Motors – Unlike DC Motors, the three-phase motor does not have a high starting torque. However, the characteristics can be easily altered using techniques like FOC or V/F methods. With the help of such practices, maximum torque is made available in the starting itself making it very suitable for traction applications. Moreover, search induction motors a long life and low maintenance. Efficiency can be up to 92 to 95%. However, the only drawback is that it requires the production of inverter circuits that are complex, and it is difficult to control the motor.

Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM) – switched reluctance Motors are very robust, and the construction is simple. It is merely a piece of laminated steel, which has no windings or permanent magnets attached to. With the help of this design, the inertia of the motor is less, and acceleration is very high. This makes it very suitable for high-speed applications SRM also offers high power density required by electric vehicles. The only complexity is an increase in switching circuits and issues in noise.

Types of Electric Vehicles in India

The Indian electric vehicle industry is going leaps and bounds which can add up to 2 lakh crores Tu economy by 2030.

Opportunity awaits Indian business which can benefit from manufacturing and promoting electric vehicles in the country.

Tell me the development of about 4.75 GWh of storage market by 2022. Plus, the government has estimated over 7 million electric cars on the road by 2020 the government has also proposed for 5,000 charging stations for electric vehicles.

Some of the fully electric vehicles launched in India right now are Hyundai Kona electric, Mahindra e Verito, atom Motors graphene 22 Mahindra e2o, and Tata Tigor EV.

The Space Agency, ISRO has been testing solar power hybrid cars with a solar panel installation on the top while the design has been rated awful, there are potential opportunities for mass production through cost reduction.

As of now, Hyundai Kona electric offers the highest range of 452 kilometers in a single charge.

Apart from cars, India also has scooter manufacturers who have gone electric and offer a wide variety of models to consumers.

India also has Electric buses in Bangalore. Companies like Ashok Leyland, Tata Motors, goldstone Infratech, and many others have come forward to offer electric bus Technology to India.

Motor vehicle bill was passed in Parliament of India in 2015, which help in establishing battery-powered rickshaws to offer affordable and pollution-free transport.

Small size and small talking videos e-rickshaws have been a standard mode of transportation in cities like Delhi NCR and other similar areas.

India has been looking forward to cleaning mobility due to various reasons stop improvement in air quality, and reducing the dependency on fossil fuel-based economy are important factors for the search initiative.

India can become a global provider for energy-efficient and cleaner solutions to mobility which can be scalable and affordable at the same time.

Types of Electric Vehicles in the USA

American Federal government support for electric vehicles in the United States. 1 million sales in that in 2018 it is proof that plug-in electric vehicles industrial boom in the coming years America has about 25% of the Global plug-in ka stock as of 2017. Moreover, it has the world’s third-largest share with electric cars after China and Europe.

The market was 0.14 percent in 2011, skyrocketed to 2.1 % in 2018. The most extensive stock of living cost is in California, with over 5 lakh vehicles in 2018.

As of March 2019 coma, Tesla model 3 is all-time best selling looking for cars with over 154000 units in sales. Tesla Model S was the best selling green car in the US for more than three decades.

To aid the sales of plucking cars, the government offered a federal tax credit of up to 50% of the cost to buy and install a home-based charging-station with a maximum credit of up to $2000.

As per the result published by the Automotive science group in 2014 study accept the life cycle of over 1300 automobiles cross nine categories sold in North America, only the smallest life cycle environment footprint of any model your 2014.

The focus electric within the compact car category was the best all-rounder performance car, offering the best environmental and social problems stop Tesla Model S was the best environmental performance car in 2014 full-sized caste category.

Over 1.1 to 6 million Highway legal plug-in electric car sale sold in the US as of 2018. The highest sales were registered in California with over 527,208 plug-in electric cars until 2018.

Top Selling Electric Vehicles in the USA

Tesla Model 3 – Over 163000 models of Tesla 3 have been sold through March 2019. It was also the top-selling car in the US in 2018.

It reached the record 100000 unit sales milestone quicker than any other previous models sold in the United States. As of February 2019, it has become an all-time best-selling Plug-in car in the United States.

Types of Electric Vehicles in Europe

Plug-in electric vehicles have been widely used in Europe and are actively supported by the European Union.

Over 1 million passenger cars were registered by June 2018 and were noted to be the second-largest stock after China. Norway’s market registered over 300,000 units, and the UK’s market registered more than 212,000 units with France trailing at 205,000 units.

Norway is the country that registered the largest per capita ownership worldwide. Norway totaled about 296000 electric vehicles which consisted of about 200,000 passenger cars and vans, making it the country with the largest stock of plug-in cars in the world.

For three consecutive years, Norway registered the highest selling of plug-in cars from 2015 to 2018. While the electric vehicle segment was about 29% in 2016, it achieved a high of 49% of all new passenger vehicles.

In the United Kingdom, over 212,000 plugin vehicles were sold. The promotion and adoption are actively supported by the government, by offering grants and schemes. Over 176,000 cars benefited from the schemes by Government.

As of 2018, over 204,000 cars were sold in France, of which 125,000 cars were passenger cars and 38,000 were utility vans and about 40,000 were plug-in hybrids.

France has become one of the largest markets for light-duty electric commercial vehicles. Almost half of the vans sold in the European Union are sold in France, due to a scheme embraced by the French Government.

Types of Electric Vehicles in Germany

About 196,750 plug-in electric vehicles have been sold in Germany in 2019. However, it is the biggest market in Europe for December 2016, which however was ranked as the fifth largest market in Europe.

A record of 54,492 plug-in cars was registered in 2017, up 217% from 2016, and rose to 67,504 in 2018. The plug-in car segment achieved a market share of 1.58% in 2017 and 1.9% in 2018.

The surge in sales that took place in 2017 allowed Germany to rank as Europe’s second best selling market that year, and the country moved ahead of French and the British markets for the first time ever. Again in 2018, Germany ranked second after Norway.

Conclusion

Electric is the future of transport and commutation. Companies like Tesla, Ford, Toyota, and others have taken a very important leap into the future of transport. Moreover, companies like Uber, as well as Tesla, will be taking public transport to the next level using electric vehicles. In addition to that, transport companies will be adapting to electric vehicles. Thus, the future of electric vehicles is bright. What we are about to witness in the future is incredible.